/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Theme tokens                                                      */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
:root {
  --color-bg: #ffffff;
  --color-bg-alt: #f3f6f7;
  --color-surface: #ffffff;
  --color-text: #1a2226;
  --color-text-muted: #5a6a70;
  --color-border: #e0e6e8;
  --color-accent: #0f6d8c;
  --color-accent-strong: #0a4f66;
  --color-accent-soft: #e4f0f3;
  --color-doi: #3a5f8a;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(20, 30, 34, 0.06);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 16px rgba(20, 30, 34, 0.08);
  --radius: 10px;
  --max-width: 880px;
  --max-width-wide: 1080px;
  --font-display: "Fraunces", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --color-bg: #14181a;
    --color-bg-alt: #1a2023;
    --color-surface: #1c2226;
    --color-text: #eaeff1;
    --color-text-muted: #9caab0;
    --color-border: #2a3236;
    --color-accent: #5fc0e0;
    --color-accent-strong: #8fd6ee;
    --color-accent-soft: #1f333b;
    --color-doi: #8ab4e0;
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
  }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Reset & base                                                       */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: var(--color-accent); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-accent-strong);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .contents-title, .contents-arrow { transition-duration: 0.01ms; }
}
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -48px;
  left: 8px;
  z-index: 100;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: top 0.15s;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  top: 8px;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .skip-link { transition-duration: 0.01ms; }
}
h1, h2, h3, h4 { line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
h1, h2 { font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
p { margin: 0 0 1em; }
blockquote { margin: 0; }
ul, ol { padding-left: 1.25em; }
.wrap { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }
.page--wide .wrap, main.page--wide { max-width: var(--max-width-wide); }

.page-title { margin: 40px 0 6px; font-size: 2rem; }
.page-subtitle { margin: 0 0 32px; color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 1.1rem; }
main.page { min-height: 50vh; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Header / nav                                                      */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.site-header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background: var(--color-bg);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
}
.site-header__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-top: 16px;
  padding-bottom: 16px;
  gap: 16px;
}
.site-brand {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.site-brand:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.site-brand__name { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.15rem; }
.site-brand__tagline { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--color-text-muted); }

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.site-nav a {
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  padding: 6px 0;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
}
.site-nav a:hover { text-decoration: none; border-bottom-color: var(--color-border); }
.site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 5px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0;
}
.nav-toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--color-text);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .nav-toggle { display: flex; }
  .site-nav {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
    width: 100%;
    padding-bottom: 12px;
  }
  .site-nav.is-open { display: flex; }
  .site-header__inner { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .site-nav a { padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Footer                                                             */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  margin-top: 40px;
  padding: 32px 0;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.site-footer__top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
}
.site-footer__brand { font-weight: 700; color: var(--color-text); font-size: 0.95rem; }
.site-footer__icons { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Hero (home page)                                                   */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
  gap: 36px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 48px 0 16px;
}
.hero__photo img {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.hero__photo-placeholder {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.hero__name { font-size: 2.2rem; margin: 0 0 4px; }
.hero__title { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0 0 14px; }
.hero__links { display: flex; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; font-size: 0.95rem; }
.hero__links a { font-weight: 600; }

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; padding-top: 32px; }
  .hero__photo img, .hero__photo-placeholder { margin: 0 auto; }
  .hero__links { justify-content: center; }
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Section / cards                                                   */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.section { margin: 56px 0; }
.section-title { font-size: 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 18px; }

.card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 20px;
}
.card {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 22px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.card h3 { margin: 0 0 8px; font-size: 1.08rem; color: var(--color-accent-strong); }
.card p { color: var(--color-text-muted); margin: 0; font-size: 0.96rem; }

.stat-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(120px, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 24px 0;
}
.stat {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 18px 8px;
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.stat .num { font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--color-accent-strong); display: block; }
.stat .label { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--color-text-muted); }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Publications                                                       */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.pub-filters {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.pub-filters--lead { margin-bottom: 28px; }
.pub-filters button {
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background: var(--color-surface);
  color: var(--color-text);
  cursor: pointer;
}
.pub-filters button.is-active {
  background: var(--color-accent);
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
}
.pub-year-heading {
  margin: 40px 0 14px;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.pub-list > .pub-year-heading:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.pub-year-heading h2 { margin: 0; font: inherit; color: inherit; }
.pub-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.pub-item {
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.pub-item__body { flex: 1; min-width: 240px; }
.pub-item__links { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.icon-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; vertical-align: middle; color: var(--color-accent); padding: 4px; margin: -4px; }
.icon-link:hover { color: var(--color-accent-strong); }
.icon-link svg { flex-shrink: 0; }

.pub-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 32px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  padding-top: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}
.pub-header__text { flex: 1; min-width: 240px; }
.pub-header__text .page-title { margin-top: 0; }
.pub-header__text .page-subtitle { margin-bottom: 4px; }
.pub-legend { font-size: 0.95rem; color: var(--color-text-muted); margin: 0 0 24px; }
.pub-stats { display: flex; flex-direction: row; gap: 24px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.pub-stat { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.pub-stat__bubble {
  width: 72px;
  height: 72px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.pub-stat__label { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--color-text-muted); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.03em; text-align: center; }

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .pub-header { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 32px; }
  .pub-stats { align-self: stretch; justify-content: center; }
}
.pub-item__title { font-weight: 600; }
.pub-item__journal { color: var(--color-accent-strong); font-style: italic; font-size: 0.94rem; margin-top: 3px; }
.pub-item__authors { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.92rem; margin-top: 3px; }
.pub-item__authors u { text-decoration-color: var(--color-accent); text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
.pub-item__note { color: var(--color-accent-strong); font-size: 0.88rem; margin-top: 4px; }
.doi-link {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 13px 14px;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--color-doi);
}
.doi-link:hover { border-color: var(--color-doi); text-decoration: none; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* People                                                             */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.person-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}
.person {
  text-align: left;
}
.person__avatar {
  width: 96px;
  height: 96px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.person__avatar img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.person__name { font-weight: 650; margin: 0; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; letter-spacing: normal; }
.person__role { color: var(--color-accent-strong); font-size: 0.88rem; margin: 2px 0 6px; }
.person__desc { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.92rem; margin: 0 0 4px; }
.person__desc:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.pi-mascot { display: flex; gap: 48px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.pi-mascot__col { flex: 1; min-width: 240px; }

.alumni-group { margin: 24px 0 0; }
.alumni-group:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.alumni-group-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  margin: 0;
  padding: 8px 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}
.alumni-group-title::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.alumni-group-chevron { color: var(--color-accent); flex-shrink: 0; transition: transform 0.15s; }
.alumni-group[open] .alumni-group-chevron { transform: rotate(90deg); }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .alumni-group-chevron { transition-duration: 0.01ms; }
}
.alumni-year { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 400; }
.alumni-name { font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0; }
.alumni-list { margin: 6px 0 0; columns: 2; column-gap: 32px; list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.alumni-list li { padding: 6px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); break-inside: avoid; }
.alumni-list .role { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.88rem; }
@media (max-width: 560px) { .alumni-list { columns: 1; } }

.callout {
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Buttons                                                            */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  border-radius: 8px;
}
.btn:hover { background: var(--color-accent-strong); text-decoration: none; }
.btn--ghost {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-accent);
}
.btn--ghost:hover { background: var(--color-accent-soft); }
.btn-row { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 20px 0; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Bands (full-bleed tinted sections for visual rhythm)               */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.band {
  margin: 56px 0;
  padding: 48px 0;
}
.band--wash { background: var(--color-accent-soft); }
.band--shade { background: var(--color-bg-alt); }
.band .section-title { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.band + .band { margin-top: 0; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Home highlight (mission box + stat bubbles, side by side)          */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.home-highlight {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: stretch;
  margin: 40px 0;
}
.home-highlight__mission {
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 32px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.home-highlight__stats {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  grid-auto-rows: 1fr;
  margin: 0;
}
.home-highlight__stats .stat {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .home-highlight { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Divider (editorial ornament between sections)                     */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.divider {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 48px 0;
}
.divider::before, .divider::after {
  content: "";
  flex: 1;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--color-border);
  max-width: 220px;
}
.divider__mark {
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Icons (authored SVG line-icon system)                              */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.icon {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.icon--lg { width: 40px; height: 40px; }
.icon--md { width: 28px; height: 28px; }
.icon--sm { width: 18px; height: 18px; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Pull quote                                                         */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.pull-quote {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 1.9rem);
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 640px;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Contents list (homepage site-map, styled as a journal contents page) */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.contents-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.contents-item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}
.contents-item:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.contents-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 22px 4px;
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.contents-link:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.contents-link:hover .contents-title { color: var(--color-accent-strong); }
.contents-title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 190px;
  transition: color 0.15s;
}
.contents-desc { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.96rem; flex: 1; }
.contents-arrow {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transform: translateX(0);
  transition: transform 0.15s;
}
.contents-link:hover .contents-arrow { transform: translateX(4px); }

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .contents-link { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 20px; padding: 18px 4px; }
  .contents-title { width: 100%; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Feature row + area rows (Research page: one featured area, then a  */
/* quiet icon-led list for the rest — not a repeated card grid)       */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.feature-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 36px;
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.feature-row__icon {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.feature-row h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
}
.feature-row p { color: var(--color-text-muted); margin: 0; max-width: 60ch; }

.area-list { list-style: none; margin: 28px 0 0; padding: 0; }
.area-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 40px 1fr;
  gap: 18px;
  padding: 20px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}
.area-row:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.area-row h3 { font-size: 1.05rem; margin: 2px 0 4px; color: var(--color-text); }
.area-row p { color: var(--color-text-muted); margin: 0; font-size: 0.95rem; max-width: 62ch; }

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .feature-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 24px; text-align: left; }
  .area-row { grid-template-columns: 32px 1fr; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Triptych (homepage Featured Research: 3 deliberately parallel      */
/* panels, not a generic repeated-card default -- see DESIGN.md)      */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.triptych {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 28px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}
.feature-panel {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.feature-panel__art {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 20px;
}
.feature-panel__art svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.feature-panel__body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 20px 22px 22px;
  flex: 1;
}
.feature-panel__journal {
  display: inline-block;
  align-self: flex-start;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.feature-panel__title {
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  margin: 0;
}
.feature-panel__footer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 8px;
}
.feature-panel__author {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 2px;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: left;
}
.feature-panel__author-name { color: var(--color-text); font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.88rem; }
.feature-panel__author-role { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.85rem; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Checklist (icon-led list, replaces bare bullets on Join Us)        */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.checklist { list-style: none; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0; display: grid; gap: 14px; }
.checklist li { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 12px; }
.checklist .icon { margin-top: 2px; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Course mosaic (Teaching page: click-to-flip tiles)                 */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.page-hint { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 24px 0 0; }
.course-mosaic {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 20px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}
.course-tile {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  perspective: 1200px;
  font: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  text-align: inherit;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.course-tile__inner {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  transition: transform 0.6s;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
}
.course-tile[aria-pressed="true"] .course-tile__inner { transform: rotateY(180deg); }
.course-tile__face {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 24px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  gap: 10px;
}
.course-tile__face--front { background: var(--color-accent-soft); }
.course-tile__face--back {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
.course-tile__title { font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 650; color: var(--color-accent-strong); margin: 0; }
.course-tile__level {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  background: var(--color-surface);
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.course-tile__face--back p { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .course-tile__inner { transition-duration: 0.01ms; }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .course-mosaic { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .course-mosaic { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .course-tile { aspect-ratio: 5 / 4; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Intro band (short hero-style lede for interior pages)              */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.intro-band {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: center;
}
.intro-band p { font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--color-text-muted); margin: 0; max-width: 60ch; }
.intro-band p + p { margin-top: 14px; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Research areas rail + panels                                       */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Progressive enhancement: with no JS, .areas stays a single column and
   every panel renders in sequence -- the whole page is readable and
   Ctrl+F-able. main.js adds .is-enhanced, which is the only thing that
   turns on the two-pane layout and the one-panel-at-a-time behaviour. */
/* Lede: the one-sentence definition opening the Research page. The page used to
   open with methods; leading with the idea means a reader knows what the lab is
   about before learning how it is studied. */
.lede {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--color-text);
  max-width: 62ch;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
}
.lede strong { color: var(--color-accent-strong); }

/* The gap above the rail lives on the container, not on .areas__rail itself:
   the desktop rule below zeroes the rail's own margin so its top aligns with
   the panel, which would otherwise leave the rail flush against the hint. */
.areas { margin-top: 24px; }
.areas__rail { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.area-tab {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 14px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 14px;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  text-align: left;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.areas__rail li:last-child .area-tab { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.area-tab .icon { color: var(--color-accent); margin-top: 2px; }
.area-tab__text { display: block; min-width: 0; }
.area-tab__title {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.area-tab__summary {
  display: block;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.areas.is-enhanced .area-tab { border-radius: 0; transition: background-color 0.15s; }
.areas.is-enhanced .area-tab:hover { background: var(--color-bg-alt); }
.areas.is-enhanced .area-tab[aria-expanded="true"] {
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  box-shadow: inset 3px 0 0 var(--color-accent);
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .areas.is-enhanced .area-tab { transition-duration: 0.01ms; }
}

.area-panel[hidden] { display: none; }
.areas__panels > .area-panel { margin-top: 32px; }
.area-panel__title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: normal;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
}
.area-panel__desc { margin: 0 0 14px; }
.area-panel__funding { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0 0 14px; }
.area-panel__label {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin: 0 0 4px;
}
.area-papers { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.area-papers li { padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.area-papers li:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.area-papers__title { display: block; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; }
.area-papers__meta {
  display: block;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.area-papers__lab { color: var(--color-accent-strong); font-weight: 650; }

.areas.is-enhanced .areas__panels { margin-top: 24px; }
/* Two-pane only where there is genuinely room. The page container stays at
   --max-width (880px) on purpose: the site header and footer live outside the
   page column, so widening this page alone would visibly inset the nav. */
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .areas.is-enhanced {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 290px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 36px;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .areas.is-enhanced .areas__panels { margin-top: 0; }
  .areas.is-enhanced .areas__panels > .area-panel { margin-top: 0; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Openings docket + letter (Join Us)                                 */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.openings__header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px 24px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.openings__header .section-title { margin-bottom: 0; }
.openings__updated { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.85rem; margin: 12px 0 0; }
.openings { list-style: none; margin: 20px 0 0; padding: 0; }
.opening {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 6px 24px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}
.opening:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.opening__role {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: normal;
}
.opening__detail { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.92rem; margin: 4px 0 0; }
.opening__funding { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.85rem; margin: 4px 0 0; }
/* Deliberately NOT a pill/button: a status is information, not an action, and it
   sits near a real button. Dot + muted caps, no fill and no border. */
.opening__status {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding-top: 4px;
}
.opening__status::before {
  content: "";
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Letterhead: sprout mark + institutional line opening the letter, set like
   the letterhead on a printed sheet. */
.letter__mark { display: block; margin: 0 auto 14px; color: var(--color-accent); }
.letter__head {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  padding-bottom: 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}
.letter__salutation { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 650; margin: 0 0 20px; }
/* A block is one grid row, so its height is set by whichever is taller: the
   paragraph or its margin note. Keep notes SHORT -- a note taller than the
   paragraph it annotates opens a visible hole in the left column before the
   next paragraph. (Grid is used rather than an absolutely-positioned note so
   two long notes can never overlap each other.) */
.letter__block {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 200px;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.letter__block > p { margin: 0; }
.letter__block .checklist { margin: 14px 0 0; }
.letter__note {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--color-accent-soft);
  padding-left: 14px;
}
.letter__note strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.letter__signoff {
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}
.letter__signoff-name { font-weight: 650; margin: 0; }
.letter__signoff-contact { color: var(--color-text-muted); font-size: 0.92rem; margin: 2px 0 0; }

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .letter__block { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; }
  .letter__note {
    border-left: none;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-top: 12px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .opening { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .opening__status { padding-top: 6px; }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .intro-band { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; }
  .intro-band .icon--lg { margin: 0 auto; }
}